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The Cape Grim massacre occurred on 10 February 1828 in the north-west of Van Diemen's Land, now known as Tasmania, when four shepherds with muskets are alleged to have ambushed over 30 Tasmanian Aborigines from the ''Pennemukeer'' band from Cape Grim, killing 30 and throwing their bodies over a cliff into the sea. An unknown number were reported to have escaped. The hill where the massacre occurred was then called ''Victory Hill'' by the shepherds.〔N.J.B. Plomley, ''Friendly Mission: The Tasmanian Journals and Papers of G.A. Robinson 1829–1834'', Tasmanian Historical Research Association, 1966, as quoted in Lyndall Ryan pp135-137, ''The Aboriginal Tasmanians'', Allen & Unwin, 1996, ISBN 1-86373-965-3, and also in Jan Roberts, pp3, ''Jack of Cape Grim'', Greenhouse Publications, 1986 ISBN 0-86436-007-X〕 ==Background== The frontier conflict in Tasmania between Europeans and Aborigines has been alleged to have been marked by violence, cruelty, and abduction and rape of women, with a gross imbalance in weapons. Jan Roberts said that: In general, Aboriginal men were shot on sight and the women seized to serve the needs of shepherds and sealers, many of whom took two Aboriginal women each.〔Jan Roberts, pp1-9, ''Jack of Cape Grim'', Greenhouse Publications, 1986 ISBN 0-86436-007-X〕 However, other historians including Josephine Flood disagree with this assessment: Abduction and ill-treatment of Aborigines certainly occurred, but the extent of atrocities and 'massacres' has been grossly exaggerated.〔Flood, Josephine: The Original Australians: Story of the Aboriginal People, Allen & Unwin, 2006, p 76〕 In 1826 the Van Diemen's Land Company set up sheep stations at Cape Grim and at Circular Head. When the ''Peerapper'' band from West Point revisited Cape Grim in December 1827 they found several shepherds, their huts and many sheep. The shepherds attempted to entice some of the Aboriginal women into a hut with the Aboriginal men strongly objecting resulting in a fight with one shepherd being speared in the thigh〔Josephine Flood, pp82-83 ''The Original Australians: Story of the Aboriginal People'', Allen & Unwin, 2006 ISBN 1-74114-872-3〕 and one Aborigine shot dead.〔Inward Despatch No.1. Curr to Directors. 2 January 1828. AOT VDL 5/1. as quoted by Ian McFarlane, ''(Cape Grim Massacre )'' 2006, accessed 26 December 2008〕 In revenge the tribe drove a flock of sheep over a cliff, spearing 118 of them.〔〔Lyndall Ryan, pp135-137, ''The Aboriginal Tasmanians'', Allen & Unwin, 1996, ISBN 1-86373-965-3〕 One contemporary source claims that in February 1828 a Van Diemen's Land company punitive expedition killed twelve Aborigines in response.〔R Hare, ''The Voyage of the Caroline from England to Van Diemen's Land and Batavia'', edited Ida Lee, London, 1927, p 41. as quoted by Ian McFarlane, ''(Cape Grim Massacre )'' 2006, accessed 26 December 2008〕 However, historian Keith Windschuttle argues that the account is dubious and is most likely a distorted rumour which conflates two other events; an incident when the crew of a ship's boat attempted to fire on some Aborigines but were thwarted by wet gunpowder and the conflict between convict shepherds and Aborigines at Cape Grim. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cape Grim massacre」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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